Poliuretanomaterials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce poliuretano products with different properties and properties.
Among rubber rubber types, there are poliuretano rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.
Los materiales de poliuretano se utilizan ampliamente en la actualidad en diversos campos. Por ejemplo, en la industria aeroespacial, sus productos duros, productos blandos y productos de espuma son más livianos que los materiales metálicos, [muy importantes para los aviones], y tienen una alta resiliencia y no inflamabilidad. , Aislamiento de alta resistencia, temperatura ultrabaja, etc., utilizado para capós de aviones, frenos de velocidad, radomos, rellenos de tanques de combustible de aviones, boyas de vaporizador de control del consumo de combustible, etc., así como varios bastidores de soporte y cojines de asientos para decoración interna . Se utiliza para la conservación del calor en la industria del transporte.PoliuretanoLos materiales son inseparables de los materiales y los cojines de los asientos, la fabricación de muebles para el hogar e incluso los condones y neumáticos para adultos de alta gama. Y el reciente desarrollo y uso de productos en la absorción de impactos y accesorios de amortiguación de automóviles ha atraído más atención.
Although there are many types of poliuretano products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:
Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing poliuretano rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic poliuretano, se puede producir mediante un método de fundición.poliuretano foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of poliuretano flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.
Este nuevo tipo depoliuretanoLas piezas amortiguadoras de automóviles de espuma flexible adoptan un proceso de moldeo avanzado de "un solo paso", es decir, todos los componentes de las materias primas en la formulación, como isocianato, polímero de poliol, extensor de cadena, catalizador, estabilizador de espuma y otros. El agente auxiliar se mide de acuerdo con la fórmula, con isocianato como componente separado, y varios agentes auxiliares, como polímero de poliol, agua, agente de expansión auxiliar, extensor de cadena, tensioactivo, catalizador, etc., se preparan previamente en un componente, y luego se añaden una vez. al tanque de reacción y luego agregar el agente espumante. Después de agitar y mezclar a alta velocidad, se lleva a cabo el proceso de reacción de formación de espuma. Este proceso de producción de un solo paso es especialmente adecuado para procesar accesorios con formas complejas y especificaciones pequeñas. En el método de moldeo, el líquido mezclado se inyecta directamente en un molde con una forma complicada y luego se espuma en la cavidad del molde para su formación. Productos elaborados por este método. Las especificaciones y dimensiones son precisas, y también se puede utilizar como productos con incrustaciones metálicas según las necesidades.
Poliuretanoproducts are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for poliuretano products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with poliuretano material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the poliuretano industry will have more room for development.
